{"content":{"markdown":"From \"what is physical AI?\" to the frontier of robot foundation models: five levels for everyone who wants to understand AI that leaves the screen. The guides explain how vehicles, robots and brain implants sense, decide and act, and they use public data instead of marketing claims: crash reports filed with the US road safety authority, the clinical trial registry of the US National Library of Medicine and Epoch AI's records of AI models, chips and data centers.","text":"From \u0026ldquo;what is physical AI?\u0026rdquo; to the frontier of robot foundation models: five levels for everyone who wants to understand AI that leaves the screen. The guides explain how vehicles, robots and brain implants sense, decide and act, and they use public data instead of marketing claims: crash reports filed with the US road safety authority, the clinical trial registry of the US National Library of Medicine and Epoch AI\u0026rsquo;s records of AI models, chips and data centers.\n","words":78},"date":"2026-10-18","description":"Learn physical AI in five levels: how self-driving cars, robots and brain-computer interfaces sense, decide and act, and what the chips and data centers behind them need.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/index.json","kind":"section","language":"en","learning_path":{"category":"physical-ai","levels":5},"modified":"2026-10-18","pages":[{"description":"How robots turn a decision into smooth motion: feedback loops and PID control, tested in our own simulation, and why a small delay can make a machine unstable.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/feedback-control-explained/index.json","kind":"page","title":"How Machines Move: Feedback Control Explained with a Simulation","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/feedback-control-explained/"},{"description":"How a robot turns lidar scans into a map of free space and walls, shown in our simulation, and why the map falls apart as soon as the robot's position drifts.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/how-robots-build-maps/index.json","kind":"page","title":"How Robots Build a Map: Lidar Scans and Occupancy Grids","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/how-robots-build-maps/"},{"description":"Physical AI explained: how machines sense, decide and act in the real world, from robotaxis to robot arms and brain implants, and why it is harder than a chatbot.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/what-is-physical-ai/index.json","kind":"page","title":"What Is Physical AI? Machines That Sense, Decide and Act","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/what-is-physical-ai/"},{"description":"How navigation systems and robots find the shortest route, tested on the real street network of San Francisco: why A* checks far fewer places than Dijkstra.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/route-planning-dijkstra-astar/index.json","kind":"page","title":"How a Robot Finds Its Route: Dijkstra and A* on a Real Street Map","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/route-planning-dijkstra-astar/"},{"description":"Why robots and self-driving cars combine sensors to know their position, shown in our simulation: wheel odometry drifts, GPS jumps, a Kalman filter fuses both.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/robot-localization-sensor-fusion/index.json","kind":"page","title":"How a Robot Knows Where It Is: Odometry, GPS and Sensor Fusion","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/robot-localization-sensor-fusion/"},{"description":"How self-driving cars work: the SAE levels, what cameras, radar and lidar each see, how software turns sensor data into steering and what crash reports show.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/how-self-driving-cars-see/index.json","kind":"page","title":"How Self-Driving Cars See the Road: Cameras, Radar and Lidar","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/how-self-driving-cars-see/"},{"description":"How robots learn: from programmed factory arms to demonstrations, practice in simulation and foundation models that turn images and words into movements.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/how-robots-learn/index.json","kind":"page","title":"How Robots Learn to Grasp and Walk","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/how-robots-learn/"},{"description":"How a self-driving car follows its planned path, shown with the pure pursuit method in our simulation: why the right look-ahead distance depends on the speed.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/path-tracking-pure-pursuit/index.json","kind":"page","title":"Staying on the Path: How a Self-Driving Car Steers","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/path-tracking-pure-pursuit/"},{"description":"Self-driving cars only drive where they were designed to. What the operational design domain is and what US crash reports show about cities, roads, weather and time.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/operational-design-domain/index.json","kind":"page","title":"Where Self-Driving Cars Drive: The Operational Design Domain","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/operational-design-domain/"},{"description":"How a brain-computer interface works: from neurons and electrodes to the AI decoder that turns brain signals into cursor movements, text or speech.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/how-brain-computer-interfaces-work/index.json","kind":"page","title":"How Brain-Computer Interfaces Turn Brain Signals into Commands","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/how-brain-computer-interfaces-work/"},{"description":"Can a computer tell from an EEG whether someone imagines moving the left or the right hand? Our test on public recordings: it works for some people, not for most.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/decoding-brain-signals-eeg/index.json","kind":"page","title":"Reading Brain Signals: What an EEG Can and Cannot Decode","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/decoding-brain-signals-eeg/"},{"description":"Robots learn in simulation, but reality is messier. Our experiment shows how training in many random practice worlds helps a robot survive delays and noise.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/sim-to-real-domain-randomization/index.json","kind":"page","title":"Trained in Simulation: Why Robots Need Messy Practice Worlds","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/sim-to-real-domain-randomization/"},{"description":"What makes a decoder for brain signals better: more electrodes, more training, other people's data or real movement? Four tests on EEG recordings of 106 people.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/inside-a-brain-decoder/index.json","kind":"page","title":"Inside a Brain Decoder: Electrodes, Training Data and Other People","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/inside-a-brain-decoder/"},{"description":"What the numbers of an AI chip mean, why memory bandwidth grows slower than compute and why AI answers faster when many users share a chip, with Epoch AI data.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/ai-chips-memory-wall/index.json","kind":"page","title":"Inside AI Chips: Compute, Memory and the Memory Wall","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/ai-chips-memory-wall/"},{"description":"What powers AI: why it runs on special chips, what is inside an AI data center, how much electricity the largest sites draw and why power has become the bottleneck.","json":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/what-powers-ai/index.json","kind":"page","title":"What Powers AI: Chips, Data Centers, Electricity and Water","url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/what-powers-ai/"}],"section":"physical-ai","seo_title":"Learn Physical AI: Self-Driving, Robots, BCIs and Chips","title":"Learn Physical AI","translations":[{"json":"https://abxk.ai/de/physical-ai/learn/index.json","language":"de","url":"https://abxk.ai/de/physical-ai/learn/"}],"url":"https://abxk.ai/en/physical-ai/learn/"}